Essay on Lets Stop Glorifying Drugs in Music Videos

Lets Stop Glorifying Drugs in Music Videos The music industry and the glorification of drugs in music videos today have changed drastically on a higher level. Since the powerful influence of Hip-Hop and its emergence into a worldwide culture, it has sweep through inner cites and suburban life styles impacting each and everyone of us. The Hip-Hop culture, not only as a form of free poetic expression (form of spoken word and poetry,) by young black African Americans but a true look into a way of life that many of us will never see or come in contact with. We see it everyday on MTV and BET, young artists speaking their minds about getting rich off criminal activities that seem to boost there popularity among†¦show more content†¦Its a fantasy life that many young listens try to emulate but never actually live. Take a glance at Eminem for example, this so-called rap artist has made millions at the expense of others, degrading women, taking ecstasy and other well-known drugs. On top of all this he puts out hate music because that’s what it is, theres no other way to categorize it. It is sad to say but with each new album this guy drops, it takes away a little bit from the culture and what the music and image initially stood for and represented. These are just a select few that have redirected the path in which drugs and criminal activities are portrayed in Hip-Hop videos. The portrayal of Drugs in the Hip-Hop culture isnt the only form of music today that puts emphasis on taking drugs and showing it in videos. Wit h the influence of rock bands such as the Strokes and the Vines many are starting to understand the concept of Sex, Drugs and Rock and Roll, a little better. Over the history of Rock and Roll the music industry has lost a lot of wonderful musicians. Just in the past decade weve seen artists like Kurt Cobain, Shannon Hoon and Lance Staley all pass taking with them the sad and horrible truth of what this powerful machine, (DRUGS!) can take from all of us, AShow MoreRelatedMisconceptions of Media Violence Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pageswhat is showed on television, or any other source of media for that matter. Advertising a product such as a George Forman grill is one thing... I myself have fallen for countless ads and sales pitches, but to use the media as a scapegoat for drug addiction, rape, and even murder is unfair and quite ridiculous. One might be influenced to buy a cologne, or a grill, but to be influenced to kill someone because of a violent show or song is non-sense. Violence is in our genealogy rightRead MoreThe Effects Of Advertising On Our Young Girls And Women1363 Words   |  6 Pagesfew women in powerful positions in America. Women are rarely portrayed as successful, capable, and equal to men. Why is our advertising culture so bent on glorifying pornography? â€Å"Pornography is moredangerously mainstream when its glorification of rape and violence shows up in mass media, in films and television shows, in comedy and music videos, and in advertising† (Kilbourne 460). It is clearly sending the wrong message to the boys and men in our society. The implication is that women are meantRead MorePopular Culture and Violent Behavior Essay11795 Words   |  48 Pagesdominated by television, films and recorded popular music. [2] I have chosen to study popular culture and its influence on violent behaviour, because, as is stated in its definition, popular culture is, accessible to everyone. These hugely accessible forms of media influence all of us, everyday, wherever we go. My keen interest in all of these forms of media immediately drew me to the subject; television, film and music are major influences not only in my life but inRead MoreConsumer Lifestyle in Singapore35714 Words   |  143 Pageshead start in life. Hence, the number of parents who send their pre-school children to enrichment classes and programmes continued to rise in 2011. The variety of enrichment classes has blossomed, ranging from literacy to the arts, including dance, music, and speech and drama. Online forums such as Singaporemotherhood.com and Kiasuparents.com are brimming with parents discussing enrichment programmes. There are classes at different fee levels to cater to different budgets. For example, classes conducted

We Are A Nation Of Immigrants Essay - 2042 Words

â€Å"As our legislators grapple with the daunting task of immigration reform, one of the few things they agree on is that a fix is long overdue. However, discussion stalls in the heated ideological differences that are part of the American psyche: the rightness of welcoming the huddled masses longing for freedom and a chance at the American dream; and the notion that immigrants deprive native citizens of resources and jobs and weaken the economy. We are a nation of immigrants†. (Unknown, 2016) There is nothing more clearly that shows this divide of thinking than the 2016 Presidential Election. One of the presidential nominee running for office Donald Trump has proposed to outlaw immigrants from regions of the world that have a history terrorism as part of his recommended temporary ban on all Muslims entering the United States a radical amending of U.S. counterterrorism course of action that he argued was crucial to safeguard the peace and security of women and gays in particular. Trump used this rhetoric about immigrants in the wake of the massacre at a gay nightclub, although the shooter involved was born in New York. Donald Trump blamed American Muslims of sheltering terrorists and accused them for the Orlando attack as well as the shooting in San Bernardino, California. â€Å"The Muslims have to work with us,† Trump said in a speech in New Hampshire. â€Å"They know what’s going on. They know that [Orlando gunman Omar Mateen] was bad. They knew the people in San Bernardino were bad.Show MoreRelatedThe Land Of Opportunity : Immigrants1509 Words   |  7 PagesThe Land of Opportunity Immigrants created America, a nation that has embraced immigration. Throughout the years, America developed its â€Å"American Dream† concept, which states that anyone can succeed in the United States as long as that person works hard and does gives up. That concept, hope or dream attracts thousands of individuals, many of which leave their native countries with their hearth full of hope and the illusion of reaching and living the â€Å"American Dream.† However, the wonderful dreamRead MoreThe Framing Of Immigration By George Lakoff And Sam Ferguson906 Words   |  4 Pagesimmigration because when the nation frames immigration, this broad subject is inadequately simplified and therefore the debates and arguments are one sided and unfair. Lakoff and Ferguson further support this claim by using hard evidence to demonstrate that the nation is framing immigration by using the illegal frame, the security frame, and the economic frame. The authors argue that when the nation uses the word â€Å"illegal immigrant†, the nation is framing immigrants as criminals. 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Motivation by Job Design Free Essays

Most research in job design suggests taking a look at the aspect of job structure. This structure tells us how these elements in a job are organized can act to increase or decrease effort. When I took a look at the Job Characteristics Model (JCM) it describes five core job dimensions that managers should look into to increase motivation within employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation by Job Design or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have heard employees say â€Å"I only come to work for this easy check, there is nothing to do here but eat, sleep and the most work if any is when a resident decides to act out. I wondered about those statements and ask myself ‘ Do they like their job, do they want to be here, and most of all are they committed or can they become committed? This is why I thought, Motivating by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model was interesting. The dimensions are as follow, Skill variety, having enough activities in a job â€Å"so the worker can use a number of different skills and talent† (Robbins ; Judge, 2011, â€Å"Motivation by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model†)†¦ Task identity, how much of the â€Å"job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work† (Robbins ; Judge, 2011, â€Å"Motivation by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model†) meaning that if your job requires doing one or two activities it may score low on the model and may not become experienced, meaningfulness at work. They also my score low on internal work motivation. Task significance is another element in job structure was jobs should be designed to have an impact on employee’s lives or work with other people. Autonomy is an important connection also to job structure because an employee which has no freedom to be independent and discrete in scheduling the work and carry it out will score low on the JCM. The one most important element in job design is feedback, it not only lower absenteeism and turnover but the psychological states of mind of the employee and employer scores high on the â€Å"knowledge of the actual results of the work activities† (Robbins ; Judge, 2011, â€Å"Motivation by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model†). Scoring high on the five dimensions is critical to the psychological states, resulting in experienced meaningfulness of the work and personal and workout comes are high also such as â€Å"high internal work motivation, quality work performance, satisfaction with the work, and low absenteeism and turnover† (Robbins ; Judge, 2011, â€Å"Motivation by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model†). Depending on the feedback, employee’s growth may need strengthening. Reference Robbins, S. P. , Judge, T. A. (2011). Motivation: From Concepts to Applications  (14th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. How to cite Motivation by Job Design, Papers

Operations Management free essay sample

Some of the tools used to determine these constraints include networking and determining the critical path of a project, which is the sequence of activities that forms the longest chain in terms of time to complete. Not until these sequences have been determined can analysts and managers see the effect of various elements on an entire project as seen in the Campus Wedding cases. Network diagram: Case questions: Case A: 1. Given the activities and precedence relationships described in the (A) case, develop a network diagram for the wedding plans. SEE ABOVE) 2. Identify the paths. Which are critical? The main pathways have been identified in the diagram above. The critical pathways are as follows:  ·Start a choose pattern of dress a order and receive lace a sewing the dress a cleaning pressing a fitting a finish  ·Start a choosing invitation a printing by Bob a addressing a mailing a postal time a finish (In both the cases the time taken is 21 days, which is exactly the maximum ti me available for the wedding). ? Use the Worked examples and Problems and applications to improve your use of key quantitative and qualitative techniques, and work your way to better grades in your assignments and exams. ? Follow up on the recommended readings at the end of each chapter. They’re specially selected to enhance your learning and give you an edge in your course work. And in particular, look out for the references to MyOMLab in the text, and log on to www. myomlab. com* where you can ? check and reinforce your understanding of key concepts using self-assessment questions, audio summaries, animations video clips and more; ? practice your problem-solving with feedback, guided solutions and a limitless supply of questions! We want Operations Management to give you what you need: a comprehensive view of the subject, an ambition to put that into practice, and – of course – success in your studies. So, read on and good luck! Nigel Slack Stuart Chambers Robert Johnston * P. S. In order to log in to MyOMLab, you’ll need to register with the access code included with all new copies of the book. Further reading in Operations Management Take your study and interest in operations management further with these leading textbooks written by the same team of expert authors. OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Sixth Edition Nigel Slack Stuart Chambers Robert Johnston Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www. pearsoned. co. uk First published under the Pitman Publishing imprint 1995 Second edition (Pitman Publishing) 1998 Third edition 2001 Fourth edition 2004 Fifth edition 2007 Sixth edition 2010  © Nigel Slack, Stuart Chambers, Christine Harland, Alan Harrison, Robert Johnston 1995, 1998  © Nigel Slack, Stuart Chambers, and Robert Johnston 2001, 2004, 2007, 2010 The rights of Nigel Slack, Stuart Chambers, and Robert Johnston to be identi? ed as authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any af? liation with or endorsement of this book by such owners. ISBN: 978-0-273-73046-0 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Slack, Nigel. Operations management / Nigel Slack, Stuart Chambers, Robert Johnston. – 6th ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-273-73046-0 (pbk. ) 1. Production management. I. Chambers, Stuart. II. Johnston, Robert, 1953– III. Title. TS155. S562 2010 658. 5–dc22 10 14 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 13 12 11 10 Typeset in 10/12pt Minion by 35 Printed and bound by Rotolito Lombarda, Italy The publisher’s policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests. Brief contents Guide to ‘operations in practice’, examples, short cases and case studies Making the most of this book and MyOMLab Preface Part Three PLANNING AND CONTROL xi xiv xviii To the Instructor xx To the Student xxi Ten steps to getting a better grade in operations management xxii About the authors xxiii Acknowledgements xxiv Part One INTRODUCTION 1 1 Operations management 32 3 Operations strategy 60 268 297 333 340 373 406 422 429 457 495 520 2 2 Operations performance 10 The nature of planning and control 11 Capacity planning and control Supplement to Chapter 11 – Analytical queuing models 12 Inventory planning and control 13 Supply chain planning and control 14 Enterprise resource planning (ERP) Supplement to Chapter 14 – Materials requirements planning (MRP) 15 Lean synchronization 16 Project planning and control 17 Quality management Supplement to Chapter 17 – Statistical process control (SPC) 267 Part Two DESIGN 4 Process design Part Four IMPROVEMENT 539 18 Operations improvement 540 19 Risk management 571 85 20 Organizing for improvement 601 86 Part Five CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 631 21 Operations and corporate social responsibility (CSR) 632 Notes on chapters Glossary Index 652 658 670 5 The design of products and services 112 6 Supply network design 138 Supplement to Chapter 6 – Forecasting 168 7 Layout and ? ow 177 8 Process technology 206 9 People, jobs and organization 233 Supplement to Chapter 9 – Work study 259 Contents Guide to ‘operations in practice’, examples, short cases and case studies Making the most of this book and MyOMLab Preface To the Instructor To the Student Ten steps to getting a better grade in operations management About the authors Acknowledgements xi xiv xviii xx xxi xxii xxiii xxiv Part One INTRODUCTION 1 Chapter 1 Operations management 2 Introduction What is operations management? Operations management is important in all types of organization The input–transformation–output process The process hierarchy Operations processes have different characteristics The activities of operations management Summary answers to key questions Case study: Design house partnerships at Concept Design Services Problems and applications Selected further reading Useful web sites 27 30 30 31 Chapter 2 Operations performance 32 Introduction Operations performance is vital for any organization The quality objective The speed objective The dependability objective The ? exibility objective The cost objective Trade-offs between performance objectives Summary answers to key questions Case study: Operations objectives at the Penang Mutiara Problems and applications Selected further reading Useful web sites 58 59 59 Chapter 3 Operations strategy 60 Introduction What is strategy and what is operations strategy? The ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ perspectives The market requirements and operations resources perspectives The process of operations strategy Summary answers to key questions Case study: Long Ridge Gliding Club Problems and applications Selected further reading Useful web sites 60 62 65 68 75 79 80 81 82 82 2 4 6 11 15 19 23 25 Part Two DESIGN 85 Chapter 4 Process design 86 Introduction What is process design? What effects should process design have? Process types – the volume–variety effect on process design Detailed process design Summary answers to key questions Case study: The Central Evaluation Unit Problems and applications Selected further reading Useful web sites 86 87 88 91 96 108 109 110 111 111 Chapter 5 The design of products and services 112 32 34 40 42 44 46 48 54 56 57 Introduction Why is good design so important? The bene? ts of interactive design Summary answers to key questions Case study: Chatsworth – the adventure playground decision Problems and applications Selected further reading Useful web sites 112 114 129 134 135 136 137 137 viii Contents Chapter 6 Supply network design 138 Introduction The supply network perspective Con? guring the supply network The location of capacity Long-term capacity management Summary answers to key questions Case study: Disneyland Resort Paris (abridged) Problems and applications Selected further reading Useful web sites 138 140 142 146 155 161 162 166 167 167 Supplement to Chapter 6 Forecasting 168 Introduction Forecasting – knowing the options In essence forecasting is simple Approaches to forecasting Selected further reading 168 168 169 170 176 Chapter 7 Layout and ? ow Introduction What is layout? The basic layout types What type of layout should an operation choose? Detailed design of the layout Summary answers to key questions Case study: Weldon Hand Tools Problems and applications Selected further reading Useful web sites 177 177 179 180 187 189 202 203 204 205 205 Chapter 8 Process technology 206 Introduction What is process technology? Understanding process technologies Evaluating process technologies Implementing process technologies Summary answers to key questions Case study: Rochem Ltd Problems and applications Selected further reading Useful web sites 206 208 209 221 227 229 230 232 232 232 Chapter 9 People, jobs and organization 233 Introduction People in operations Human resource strategy 233 235 236 Organization design Job design Summary answers to key questions Case study: Service Adhesives tries again Problems and applications Selected further reading Useful web sites 238 241 255 256 257 258 258 Supplement to Chapter 9 Work study 259 Introduction Method study in job design Work measurement in job design 259 259 262 Part Three PLANNING AND CONTROL 267 Chapter 10 The nature of planning and control 268 Introduction What is planning and control? Supply and demand affect planning and control Planning and control activities Summary answers to key questions Case study: Air traf? c control – a world-class juggling act Problems and applications Selected further reading Useful web sites 268 270 272 277 293 294 295 296 296 Chapter 11 Capacity planning and control 297 Introduction What is capacity management? Measuring demand and capacity The alternative capacity plans Choosing a capacity planning and control approach Capacity planning as a queuing problem Summary answers to key questions Case study: Holly Farm Problems and applications Selected further reading Useful web sites 297 299 301 309 317 322 327 328 331 332 332 Supplement to Chapter 11 Analytical queuing models 333 Introduction Notation Variability Incorporating Little’s law Types of queuing system 333 333 334 335 336 Contents Chapter 12 Inventory planning and control 340 Introduction What is inventory? Why is inventory necessary? Some disadvantages of holding inventory The volume decision – how much to order The timing decision – when to place an order Inventory analysis and control systems Summary answers to key questions Case study: Trans-European Plastics Problems and applications Selected further reading Useful web sites 340 342 342 345 346 357 362 368 369 371 371 372 Chapter 15 Lean synchronization Introduction What is lean synchronization? Eliminate waste Lean synchronization applied throughout the supply network Lean synchronization and other approaches Summary answers to key questions Case study: Boys and Boden (BB) Problems and applications Selected further reading Useful web sites Chapter 16 Project planning and control Chapter 13 Supply chain planning and control 373 Introduction What is supply chain management? The activities of supply chain management Types of relationships in supply chains Supply chain behaviour Supply chain improvement Summary answers to key questions Case study: Supplying fast fashion Problems and applications Selected further reading Useful web sites 373 375 377 386 391 394 400 401 404 405 405 Chapter 14 Enterprise resource planning (ERP) 406 Introduction What is ERP? How did ERP develop? Implementation of ERP systems Summary answers to key questions Case study: Psycho Sports Ltd Problems and applications Selected further reading Useful web sites 406 408 408 415 417 418 420 421 421 Supplement to Chapter 14 Materials requirements planning (MRP) 422 Introduction Master production schedule The bill of materials (BOM) Inventory records The MRP netting process MRP capacity checks Summary 422 422 424 425 425 428 428 429 429 431 435 447 449 452 453 455 456 456 457 Introduction 457 What is a project? 459 Successful project management 461 The project planning and control process 462 Network planning 475 Summary answers to key questions 487 Case study: United Photonics Malaysia Sdn Bhd 488 Problems and applications 493 Selected further reading 494 Useful web sites 494 Chapter 17 Quality management 495 Introduction What is quality and why is it so important? Diagnosing quality problems Conformance to speci? cation Total quality management (TQM) Summary answers to key questions Case study: Turnround at the Preston plant Problems and applications Selected further reading Useful web sites 495 497 501 502 508 515 516 518 519 519 Supplement to Chapter 17 Statistical process control (SPC) 520 Introduction Control charts Variation in process quality Control charts for attributes Control chart for variables Process control, learning and knowledge Acceptance sampling Sampling plans Summary Selected further reading Useful web sites 520 520 521 527 528 532 533 533 535 536 536 ix x Contents Part Four IMPROVEMENT Chapter 18 Operations improvement 539 540 Introduction Why improvement is so important Elements of improvement Approaches to improvement Improvement techniques Summary answers to key questions Case study: Geneva Construction and Risk Problems and applications Selected further reading Useful web sites 565 569 570 570 Chapter 19 Risk management 571 Introduction What is risk management? Assess the potential causes of and risks from failure Preventing failure occurring Mitigating the effects of failure Recovering from the effects of failure Summary answers to key questions Case study: The Chernobyl failure Problems and applications Selected further reading Useful web sites 540 542 542 549 558 564 571 573 573 586 592 593 596 597 599 600 600 Chapter 20 Organizing for improvement 601 Introduction Why the improvement effort needs organizing Linking improvements to strategy Information for improvement Improvement priorities – what to start on? Improvement culture Implementing improvement Summary answers to key questions Case study: Re-inventing Singapore’s libraries Problems and applications Selected further reading Useful web sites 601 603 603 606 612 617 620 624 626 628 628 629 Part Five CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 631 Chapter 21 Operations and corporate social responsibility (CSR) 632 Introduction What is corporate social responsibility? How does the wider view of corporate social responsibility in? uence operations management? How can operations managers analyse CSR issues? Summary answers to key questions Case study: CSR as it is presented Problems and applications Selected further reading Useful web sites 632 633 646 648 649 650 651 651 Notes on chapters Glossary Index 652 658 670 637 Guide to ‘operations in practice’, examples, short cases and case studies Chapter Location Company/example Region Sector/activity Company size Chapter 1 Operations management p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 3 8 9 14 21 21 27 IKEA Acme Whistles Oxfam Pret A Manger Formule 1 Mwagusi Safari Lodge Concept Design Services Global UK Global Europe/USA Europe Tanzania UK Retail Manufacturing Charity Retail Hospitality Hospitality Design/manufacturing/ distribution Large Small Large Medium Large Small Medium Chapter 2 Operations performance p. p. p. p. 33 41 43 44 Dubai and UK UK General India Transport Agricultural Healthcare General service Large Small Medium Large p. p. p. p. 47 49 51 57 A tale of two terminals Lower Hurst Farm Accident recovery Dabbawalas hit 99. 9999% dependability BBC Aldi Hon Hai Precision Industry Mutiara Beach Resort, Penang Global Europe Taiwan/China Malaysia Media Retail Manufacturing Hospitality Large Large Large Medium Global/Europe Large Large Large Europe Manufacturing service/ transport Retail Retail/business services Military UK Sport Small Chapter 3 Operations strategy p. 61 p. 68 p. 74 p. 77 p. 80 Two operations strategies: Flextronics and Ryanair Giordano Amazon what exactly is your core competence? Sometimes any plan is better than no plan Long Ridge Gliding Club Asia Global Large Chapter 4 Process design p. p. p. p. 87 90 107 109 McDonalds Daimler-Chrysler, Smart car Heathrow The Central Evaluation Unit (European Union Directorate) USA France UK Belgium Quick service Auto manufacturing Transport Non-governmental organization Large Large Large Large Chapter 5 The design of products and services p. p. p. p. p. p. 113 116 120 122 125 135 Airbus A380 Dyson Square water melons Daniel Hersheson Art Attack! Chatsworth House Europe Global Japan UK UK UK Aerospace Design/manufacturing Retail/Agriculture Hairdressing Media Tourism Large Large Various Small Small Medium Chapter 6 Supply network design p. 139 Dell Global Large p. 145 Hon Hai, Quanta and Compal Taiwan p. 147 p. 149 p. 151 Tata Nano Tesco High-tech subcontracting India Thailand India/China p. 162 Disneyland Paris France Computer manufacturing Computer manufacturing Manufacturing Retail Research and development Entertainment Large Large Large Medium/large Large xii Guide to ‘operations in practice’, examples, short cases and case studies Chapter Location Company/example Region Sector/activity Company size Chapter 7 Layout and ? ow p. p. p. p. Tesco Surgery Yamaha Cadbury Global UK Japan UK Large Medium Large Large 178 180 185 186 p. 203 Weldon Hand Tools UK Retail Healthcare Piano manufacturing Entertainment and manufacturing Manufacturing Chapter 8 Process technology p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. Airlines Robots Yo! Sushi IBM Farming QB House SVT (Sveriges Television) Rochem Ltd All All UK USA Netherlands Asia Sweden UK Airlines Security Restaurants Disaster recovery Agriculture Hairdressing Media Food processing Large Various Medium Large Medium Medium Large Medium Chapter 9 People, jobs and organization p. 234 W. L. Gore and Associates Global Large p. p. p. p. 237 247 250 256 Google McDonalds Lloyds TSB Service Adhesives Global UK Europe Europe Manufacturing and research e-services Restaurants Banking Manufacturing Large Large Large Large Chapter 10 The nature of planning and control p. p. p. p. 269 273 281 286 UK Global All All Service and repair Airline Healthcare Food processing Medium Large Large Large p. 292 p. 294 BMW dealership Air France Accident and Emergency Chicken salad sandwich (Part 1) Robert Wiseman Dairies Air traf? c control UK All Milk distribution Air travel Large Medium Chapter 11 Capacity planning and control p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 298 304 309 310 315 317 326 328 Britvic Seasonal products and services British Airways London Eye Lettuce growing Seasonal products and services Greetings cards Madame Tussauds, Amsterdam Holly Farm Europe All UK Europe UK/Global All Netherlands UK Distribution Various Tourism Agriculture Food processing/media Design Tourism Agriculture/ entertainment Large Various Medium Large Large Large Medium Small Chapter 12 Inventory planning and control p. p. p. p. 341 348 356 369 UK National Blood Service Croft Port The Howard Smith Paper Group Trans-European Plastic UK Europe UK France Healthcare Beverages Distribution service Manufacturing Large Large Large Large Chapter 13 Supply chain planning and control p. 374 Siemens Europe Large p. 379 p. 384 Ford Motor Company Levi Straus Co Global Global p. p. p. p. TDG Northern Foods Seven-Eleven Japan HM, Benetton and Zara Europe Europe Japan Global Service and manufacturing Auto manufacturing Garment design/ retailing Logistics services Food services Retail Design/manufacturing/ distribution/retail 207 210 211 213 218 220 224 230 385 397 398 401 Large Large Large Large Large Large Large Guide to ‘operations in practice’, examples, short cases and case studies Chapter Location Company/example Region Sector/activity Company size Chapter 14 Enterprise Resource Planning p. 407 p. 410 p. 411 Global Global All Aerospace IT services Food processing Large Large Small p. 414 p. 417 p. 418 Rolls Royce SAP Chicken salad sandwich (Part 2) SAP What a waste Psycho Sports Ltd Global US All IT services Waste management Manufacturing Large Large Small Chapter 15 Lean synchronization p. 430 p. 440 Toyota Motor Company Hospitals Global UK Auto manufacturing Healthcare Large Medium/large Chapter 16 Project planning and control p. p. p. p. 458 465 47 488 The Millau Bridge The National Trust Access HK United Photonics Malaysia Sdn Bhd France UK Hong Kong Malaysia Construction Heritage Charity Research and development Large Various Small Medium Chapter 17 Quality management p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 496 499 500 505 507 512 516 Four Seasons Hotel Tea and Sympathy Magic Moments Vitacress Surgical Statistics IBM Rendall Graphics Global/UK USA UK Europe US Canada Canada Hospitality Hospitality Photography services Agriculture Healthcare IT services Manufacturing Large Small Small Large Various Large Medium Chapter 18 Improvement p. p. p. p. 541 548 556 565 Heineken International (Part I) Erdington Xchanging Geneva Construction and Risk (GCR) Netherlands UK Europe Europe Brewery Beverage Process outsourcing Insurance Large Large Large Large Chapter 19 Risk management p. 572 p. 575 p. 577 Global USA Global Confectionary Airline Internet Large Large Various p. 592 p. 597 Cadburys Salmonella outbreak Not what you want to hear Viruses, threats and 30 years of spam Otis Elevators Chernobyl Global Ukraine Facilities services Power generation Large Large Chapter 20 Organizing for improvement p. p. p. p. 602 620 622 626 Taxing Quality Heineken International (Part II) Work-Out at GE Singapore Libraries Denmark Netherlands Global Singapore Public service Brewery Various ? Large Large ?Large ? Chapter 21 Corporate social responsibility (CSR) p. 635 p. 638 p. 642 Ecological footprints HP Recycling Program The Gap between perception, reality and intention CSR as it is presented All Global Global All Manufacturing Retail All Large Large Various Various Various p. 649 xiii Making the most of this book and MyOMLab Check your understanding Each chapter opens with a set of Key questions to identify major topics. Summary answers conclude the chapter. You can check your understanding of each chapter by taking the Sample tests of self-assessment questions on MyOMLab at www. myomlab. com. 56 Chapter 2 Part One Introduction Summary answers to key questions Check and improve your understanding of this chapter using self assessment questions and a personalised study plan, audio and video downloads, and an eBook – all at www. myomlab. com. Operations performance ? Why is operations performance important in any organization? Introduction Key questions ? Why is operations performance important in any organization? ? How does the operations function incorporate all stakeholders’ objectives? ? What does top management expect from the operations function? ? What are the performance objectives of operations and what are the internal and external bene? ts which derive from excelling in each of them? ? How do operations performance objectives trade off against each other? Operations are judged by the way they perform. There are many individuals and groups doing the judging and there are many different aspects of performance on which the assessment is being made. The people doing the judging are called ‘stakeholders’ and the aspects of performance they are using are called ‘performance objectives’. And if we want to understand the strategic contribution of the operations function, it is important to understand how we can measure its performance. So this chapter starts by illustrating how operations performance can impact on the success of the whole organization. Second, we look at various perspectives on, and aspects of performance. Finally, we examine how performance objectives trade off against each other. On our general model of operations management the topics covered in this chapter are represented by the area marked on Figure 2. 1.  ¦ Operations management can either ‘make or break’ any business. It is large and, in most businesses, represents the bulk of its assets, but also because the operations function gives the ability to compete by providing the ability to respond to customers and by developing the capabilities that will keep it ahead of its competitors in the future. ? How does the operations function incorporate all stakeholders objectives?  ¦ At a strategic level, performance objectives relate to the interests of the operation’s stakeholders. They relate to the company’s responsibility to customers, suppliers, shareholders, employees, and society in general. ? What does top management expect from the operations function?  ¦ Operations can contribute to the organization as a whole by: – reducing the costs – achieving customer satisfaction – reducing the risk of operational failure – reducing the amount of investment – providing the basis for future innovation. ? What are the performance objectives of operations and what are the internal and external bene? ts which derive from excelling in each of them?  ¦ By ‘doing things right’, operations seek to in? uence the quality of the company’s goods and services. Externally, quality is an important aspect of customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Internally, quality operations both reduce costs and increase dependability.  ¦ By ‘doing things fast’, operations seek to in? uence the speed with which goods and services are delivered. Externally, speed is an important aspect of customer service. Internally, speed both reduces inventories by decreasing internal throughput time and reduces risks by delaying the commitment of resources.  ¦ By ‘doing things on time’, operations seek to in? uence the dependability of the delivery of goods and services. Externally, dependability is an important aspect of customer service. Internally, dependability within operations increases operational reliability, thus saving the time and money that would otherwise be taken up in solving reliability problems and also giving stability to the operation.  ¦ By ‘changing what they do’, operations seek to in? uence the ? exibility with which the company produces goods and services. Externally, ? exibility can: – produce new products and services (product/service ? exibility); – produce a wide range or mix of products and services (mix ? exibility); – produce different quantities or volumes of products and services (volume ?exibility); – produce products and services at different times (delivery ? exibility). Figure 2. 1 This chapter examines operations performance Check and improve your understanding of this chapter using self assessment questions and a personalised study plan, audio and video downloads, and an eBook – all at www. myomlab. com. Making the most of this book and MyOMLab Practice makes perfect Worked examples show how quantitative and qualitative techniques can be used in operations management. Problems and applications at the end of the chapter allow you to apply these techniques, and you can get more practice as well as guided solutions from the Study plan on MyOMLab at www. myomlab. com. 306 Part Three Planning and control Effective capacity Utilization Ef? ciency Chapter 11 Capacity planning and control run continuously at its maximum rate. Different products will have different coating requirements, so the line will need to be stopped while it is changed over. Maintenance will need to be performed on the line, which will take out further productive time. Technical scheduling dif? culties might mean further lost time. Not all of these losses are the operations manager’s fault; they have occurred because of the market and technical demands on the operation. The actual capacity which remains, after such losses are accounted for, is called the effective capacity of operation. These causes of reduction in capacity will not be the only losses in the operation. Such factors as quality problems, machine breakdowns, absenteeism and other avoidable problems will all take their toll. This means that the actual output of the line will be even lower than the effective capacity. The ratio of the output actually achieved by an operation to its design capacity, and the ratio of output to effective capacity are called, respectively, the utilization and the ef? ciency of the plant: Utilization = Ef? ciency = Problems and applications These problems and applications will help to improve your analysis of operations. You can ? nd more practice problems as well as worked examples and guided solutions on MyOMLab at www. myomlab. com. 1 actual output design capacity actual output effective capacity 2 Worked example Suppose the photographic paper manufacturer has a coating line with a design capacity of 200 square metres per minute, and the line is operated on a 24-hour day, 7 days per week (168 hours per week) basis. Design capacity is 200 ? 60 ? 24 ? 7 = 2. 016 million square metres per week. The records for a week’s production show the following lost production time: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Product changeovers (set-ups) Regular preventative maintenance No work scheduled Quality sampling checks Shift change times Maintenance breakdown Quality failure investigation Coating material stockouts Labour shortages Waiting for paper rolls 20 hrs 16 hrs 8 hrs 8 hrs 7 hrs 18 hrs 20 hrs 8 hrs 6 hrs 6 hrs 3 4 Design capacity = 168 hours per week Effective capacity = 168 ? 59 = 109 hrs Actual output = 168 ? 59 ? 58 = 51 hrs Utilization = actual output 51 hrs = = 0. 304(30%) design capacity 168 hrs Ef? ciency = actual output 51

What is man free essay sample

This is a question that has been debated since the beginning time and over and over again to this day. The real question is, is there truly an answer? Mark twain seems to believe, as stated in his essay what is Man Which is a conversation between an old man and a young man as some of his other essays were written, that the answer to this question as old as life that men are simply machines. Machines that can only act and think because of what they have seen, heard, or been taught.Now lam no philosophy buff, I have never studied the human brain, and I m certainly no psychiatrist and I dont try and make myself out to be one but I have met many people in my short life so far and to be a cliche as possible every man Ive met have been like a snow flake some look eerily similar but have small details that are different, some are polar opposites, and many are somewhere In between. We will write a custom essay sample on What is man or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I would have to disagree with Mark Twains answer to this question which Is hard to because he is one of the smartest men and greatest writers to ever live. I disagree because men have a conscious, men have personalities, and there is no answer.One reason I Disagree with mark twain is that one huge difference between man and machine is that a man has a conscious and a machine does not. A man thinks before he acts no matter how short or long that they think about it everything they do runs through there conscious. A man cant act without the approval of his conscious If he thinks something Is wrong by his conscious he wont do It. However a conscious can be a very delicate subject because people may argue why is there bad things that happen If this is true, why are there murder and rape and child abuse appending.This is Just more proof that man or not machines, some men cannot fathom killing or raping someone their conscious would never allow it. However, some men think that If they want something to happen anything they have to do to achieve that goal is acceptable and okay by their conscious. This goes to show how all men while created equal are all different and not machines. Machines have no conscious and have nothing to shape their behavior after it is made. Machines do not see things and react to them they simply do as they are told; as they are aerogramme to do machines dont have feelings or a thought process.In fact Mark Twain proves my point in his own argument when the old man says It Is worked solely from the outside. That Is the law of Its make; It is the law of all machines. and No. You cant yourself, but exterior Influences can do It. This Is true In a sense as our experience, the people we surround ourselves with, and the education we receive both in school and on the streets affects all of our decisions and is what forms our conscious or what we think is right. This is exactly what separates us from machines, s man has a choice to make he can decide what to listen to and make his creed while machines cannot.Machines have no personalities. Machines is that all men have personalities. All men have personalities no matter how similar all are different. No matter how many try it is a lost battle from the start, it is impossible to tell a man what to do. You can tell a man what he supposed to do, his Job or, what you want him to do but theres no way to be sure if hell say yes or no. Some men will Jump right up and say yes sir or yes mama and complete his task and mom may even do more then you asked.Some men will say theyll do it but only do some of it, some will say theyll do it and do none. There are also many who will tell you no and to go kick rocks, flip you the bird, and be on his way. With a machine once you turn it on and hit the correct buttons in the correct sequence it will do its Job without a word. Men dont have any buttons some may say our fatal flaw but still there are none. Also there is no guarantee that he will do it right or the way you want it but once you program a machine to how you want it, itll do as its told.One season some could think that men are Just machines is that they dont realize they have a choice they have done what theyre told and had a regiment for daily activities their whole lives. Also huge difference between man and machine is feelings. No machine can truly laugh or cry or be happy, sad, or mad. These feelings affect man every day and in everything he does. This is the one thing that does come from the outside world, you dont learn to be happy or sad and smile or cry its Just something that happens even if you dont want it it happens because its something inside of you.No one wants to cry but sometimes your emotions get moved to tears when something hurts you. Also when something that makes you happy happens you smile. No machine can feel emotions. The biggest reason I disagree with mark twain that the answer to the seemingly unsolvable question is that man is machine is because the question does not have just one answer. There have been some amazingly smart men who tried to tackle this question, all of them geniuses Just like Mark Twain and there is a reason all of the answers theyve come up with havent been totally correct.That reason is that here is no one answer it is almost a trick question. A man is a machine like an engine its heart, brain, and stomach and all organs are. A man I nothing but an animal like a lion doing everything it can to survive in this world killing predators and making a family. A man is like the wind with its spirit you cant see it but you feel it, it emanates out of a person their eyes and actions. Man is no one thing, a man cannot be defined. A man is a accumulation of many great things and some poor. It has many perks and flaws. A man is everything and nothing. A man is what he makes himself.Another reason while all of the men have failed to find the answer to this question is because they are also Just men, and no man can define another man or all man. The only a man can do is define himself The reasons I disagree with Mark Twains answer to what is man are because men have a conscious, men have personalities, and there is no answer as stated below. Man is a very complicated thing so I believe that it would take more than a man to define one. That is exactly what happens when you finally meet your maker and are standing in front of the pearly gates trying to get in.Every man defines himself through his life most of them dont write essays on it or try to define anything but there daily actions define it for them. I am not a genius like mark twain or other be all for not as I said earlier I am no philosophy buff, I have never studied the human brain, and I am certainly no psychiatrist and I dont reckon to be one. To conclude my answer and rebuttal to mark twain is that man is man and machine is machine. However I believe, with no disrespect to Mr.. Twain youd have to be a fool to attempt to define a man that is not yourself.

How to Make Blueprint Paper

How to Make Blueprint Paper Blueprint paper is a specially-coated paper that turns blue where it is exposed to light, while areas kept in the dark remain white. Blueprints were one of the first ways to make copies of plans or drawings. Heres how to make blueprint paper yourself. Blueprint Paper Materials 15 mL of 10% potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) (potassium ferricyanide)15 mL of 10% iron(III) ammonium citrate solutionPetri dishWhitepaperTongs or small paintbrushSmall opaque object (e.g., coin, leaf, key) Make Blueprint Paper In a very dim room or in the dark: pour the potassium ferricyanide and iron(III) ammonium citrate solutions together into a petri dish. Stir the solution to mix it.Use tongs to drag a sheet of paper across the top of the mixture or else paint the solution onto the paper using a paintbrush.Allow the sheet of blueprint paper to dry, coated side up, in the dark. To keep the paper from being exposed to light and to keep it flat as it dries, it may help to set the wet sheet of paper on a larger piece of cardboard and cover it with another piece of cardboard.When you are ready to capture the image, uncover the top of the paper and overlay an ink drawing on clear plastic or tracing paper or else simply set an opaque object on the blueprint paper, such as a coin or key.Now expose the blueprint paper to direct sunlight. Remember: for this to work the paper must have remained in the dark until this point! If its windy you may need to weigh down the paper to keep the object in place.Allow the p aper to develop in the sunlight for about 20 minutes, then cover the paper and return to the darkened room. Thoroughly rinse the blueprint paper under cold running water. Its fine to have the lights on. If you do not rinse away any unreacted chemicals, the paper will darken over time and ruin the image. However, if all the excess chemicals are rinsed away, youll be left with a permanent colorfast image of your object or design.Allow the paper to dry. Cleanup and Safety The materials for making a blueprint (cyanotype) paper are safe to work with, but its a good idea to wear gloves since youll be working in the dark and might otherwise cyanotype your hands (turn them temporarily blue). Also, dont drink the chemicals. They are not particularly toxic, but they are not food. Wash your hands when you are done with this project.

Drug Courts Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Drug Courts - Research Proposal Example A recent research done in 1999 by College on Problems of Drug Dependence reported that, drug courts are continually providing a highly recommendable and effective control over substance-abusing offenders criminology and substance use, through court jurisdiction (p.1118). This research reported that, the rate of recidivism raged between 4% -29% for the graduates from drug court program, as compared to 48% of the substance--abusers who do not go through the drug court program. The ultimate plan of drug courts is to assist drug-using offenders to recover from drug dependency, change morally, and become a responsible citizen, who is keen enough to avoid criminal acts. The court is not focused on the punishment of the criminal offenders. Successful accomplishment of the drug court's treatment is the noble mission of the drug courts, which culminates to the dismissal of the drug charge, shortening of the sentence period, or suspension of the charge (Hennessy, & Nathaniel, 2001, p.117). On the other hand, Mental health can be defined as the situation whereby a person is affected psychologically and hence either having a level of cognitive or emotional depression. In most of the cases, mental health usually leads to inability of a person to get a balance between life activities and psychological resilience therefore being unable to enjoy life due to mental disorder/abnormality. According to the world health organization (WHO), they defined mental health as a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. (Calhoun, C. 2002, pg 23). On the other hand, mental illness can be defined as a the state whereby a person is mentally sick and hence this are usually medical conditions which do disrupt a person's thinking, feeling, mood, ability to relate to others, and daily functioning (Calhoun, C. 2002, pg 2 3). Mental illness is just a form of illness which affects the brains of a person just like the way the pancreas is affected by disorder of diabetes. Due to the fact that mental health cases are usually culturally subjected, I believe there is a need of engaging traditional healers and practitioners in treatment of this disorders since in most of the occasion, the disorders are caused by some form of traditional beliefs or some spiritual belief and hence by including all the different professionals in this field will have some impacts on the methodology applied during treatment (Babbie, E. 2003, pg 40). Abstract: This research topic is about the outcomes of the special criminal courts application of diversionary programs on the victims of drug use and those faced with mental health and mental illness (American Psychological Association, 1995, p.185). most of the courts which deals with drugs and mental health have been used as treatment

The Rise of the Papacy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Rise of the Papacy - Research Paper Example e on earth will be  loosed in heaven†.1 After the ascension, Peter of course played an active and pivotal role in building the first Christian communities in Judea, Greece, and Rome. Although the earliest forms of Christianity were not â€Å"Catholic† per se, the subsequent movement of Catholicism traces its origins back to the very earliest Christians and leverage this understanding as a means of developing a type of ethos with respect to the church’s stature within Christendom. The purpose of this brief essay will focus upon the rise of the papacy and the manner through which the bishops of Rome came to define, and indeed be called, â€Å"pope† in the contemporary sense and meaning of the word. It is the hope of this author that such a level of discussion will be beneficial in helping the reader to come to a more profound understanding with respect to how this institution came into being and the causal factors that facilitated the rise of the papacy at the distinct moment in time that it took place. As has previously been referenced within the introduction, the foundations of the papacy can be traced back to the belief that Christ would found a church with Peter as its figurehead. As Christianity grew and Christian communities sprung up throughout the Mediterranean region, and elsewhere, the fundamental need for some type of control structure and/or figure of leadership was abundantly apparent. Peter, Paul, and the other apostles, noted in the New Testament, spent a great deal of time running between these early communities and seeking to avert major crises of faith/doctrine. As a matter of defining the way in which these groups of believers would engage with the gospel, interact with one another, and seek to integrate with the remainder of the Christian communities throughout the world, early forms of Christianity soon began to nominate and promote bishops within these communities as a means of providing a type of regional figurehead that could help to

Exploring Gender Roles in the 1940s With Reference Death of a Salesman Research Paper

Exploring Gender Roles in the 1940s With Reference Death of a Salesman - Research Paper Example The rigid view of gender roles in the family In the play, the â€Å"death of a salesman,† there is a clear distinction between the gender roles in the family unit. The story, revolving around the family of the main character, Willy, shows the differences in the gender roles between the men and women in the family. While the role of men was to provide for the family, women held the role of looking after the house and helping their husbands out (Gentry and Lee 309). This, as the character of Willy and his wife Linder portrayed, was the actual scene in the family then. Willy, with the high ambitions of becoming a successful man, single-handed works in order to provide for his small family. Through the flashbacks to the time when he was a young family, both held the same roles. Subsequently, there was a clear distinction between these roles between the two. ... Women, currently hold two different roles, one of looking after their homes and that of helping in providing for their families (Morin 438). Before the era of gender equality set in, there was a significant difference. According to Morin (437), women did not take part in the financial issues facing the family, as men were the primary breadwinners. They cooked for their husbands, took care of the children, washed and entertained their husbands. This, as Gentry and Lee (309) observe, was a role naturally determined and, one that nobody could alter. Regardless of their level of education, women remained under their men. To some extent, this play portrays the plight of women in American society during this time. Although in some instances Willy paid attention to his wife, this did not happen until his health condition became worse. Willy never honored his wife’s advice, until the day he walked home in a critical health condition, and his wife became more concerned about his health . Only then did he agree that he would buy her idea of talking to his boss on a job that would keep around New York. Perhaps, from the flashbacks that he had of his brother’s departure to Alaska, and the frequency with which Ben’s images haunted him, Willy blamed Linda for his desolate state and stalled success. Despite working extremely hard, he had nothing to show out of it. On the other hand, his brother Ben, who had left for Alaska had discovered a gold mine in Africa and was now an extremely rich person. Before Ben left for Alaska, he had persuaded Willy to join him.  

The Compilation Consisting Of Tang And Song Poems History Essay

The Compilation Consisting Of Tang And Song Poems History Essay Firstly, this collection showed the low material standards of the peasants during Tang and Song China. As the empire depended largely on agriculture to prosper, the assumption would be that the status of peasants was high during ancient China. However, the evidences indicated otherwise, as they were described to be living a hard life which revolved around farming of grains for food and also the raising of silkworms for silk. These were the basic materials that peasants had and needed to survive, yet even after having worked hard for them, high taxes exhausted most of their material belongings. The legal documents implied how difficult it was for the peasants to get their hands on even the very basic needs like food and cloth that they resorted to borrowing things from others regardless of the high interest charged, even to the extent of pawning their family members. A poem, Lament of the Farm Wife of Wu provided evidence on how little material possessions the farm families owned, whe re they had to sell their ox to pay taxes and even broke up their roof just to kindle. Tang and Song China were known to be two very wealthy empires; nevertheless, the lives of peasants were depicted to be poor, while governmental officials and perhaps landowners were shown to be rich and therefore led easier lives. Still, the peasants were the ones subjected to high taxes they could not afford. These evidences suggested an unequal distribution of wealth. Moreover, peasant males were required to provide military services resembling another form of tax payment. Serving the military whenever required; was one of the many things peasants needed to worry about in their lives, not knowing when a recruiting officer would arrive at their doorsteps. One poem which described these was Recruiting Officer at Shihao. The family mentioned in the poem, had three sons taken away for garrison duty at Ye, though it was not enough as the recruiting officer came to them one night, wanting to seize the last family man in spite of his old age. In return for her husbands escape, the old wom an left with the officer. This suggested that even females were sometimes recruited for the military in place of their male family members, though merely for cooking duties as they were seen as incapable of fighting battles alongside men. Another example from The Old Man of Xinfeng with the Broken Arm indicated something similar, where the mentioned man broke his arm so that he would be deemed unfit for military service. All these evidences from the document revealed the nature of peasant lives during Tang and Song period. Hierarchies ensured a successful dynasty, though political hierarchy is also a sign of unequal distribution of possessions. The different stages allowed distinction in the types of benefits given. In this sense possibly, this separated the upper class such as the emperor, governmental officials and aristocrats from the lower class peasants and slaves. In addition, people of higher status were portrayed to be at an advantage wealthy and powerful without working as hard. The poem The Old Man of Xinfeng with the Broken Arm briefly mentioned the position of a Prime Minister, probably an indication of a higher status compared to the governmental officials that moved from posting to posting. Likewise, officials of higher status often treated the peasants harshly while they could only do their best to please the officials. Such situations were often seen when officials took on jobs from one place to another for tax collection or army recruit. A recorded observation in the poem Farmers, ta lked about how the peasants served the officers all they had even after being treated unsympathetically. Social hierarchy compared the status of male and female as well as the role they play according to wealth. Monks during Tang dynasty were generally of higher status; hence, they owned more than the peasants. Consequently, peasants borrowed materials they were short of, from monks like what the legal document Fan Huaidong Borrows a Piece of Silk recorded. During ancient China, men were of superior status compared to women. As men worked as farmers outside of their home, women took responsibilities of caring for the children and looking after the house, not to mention cooking for the men as demonstrated in Watching the Wheat-Reapers. Therefore, hierarchies, be it political or social, were very influential of the lives during ancient times. The economy was an important aspect in determining the state in which the empire stood. Though both Tang and Song dynasties were wealthy, there were significant changes in terms of economic transactions. The first major shift which was also the most influential would be the change from paying taxes in the form of grains and silk; during Tang period, to payment in the form of cash throughout Song period as indicated in a Tang poem, Lament of a Woman Acorn-Gatherer and a Song poem, Lament of the Farm Wife of Wu respectively. This transformation was important in shaping the new economy of Song Empire as it led to the widespread use of money and this use of cash to replace trading of goods allowed for easier economic transactions, perhaps simplifying the trade process. One example from Tang legal document, Fan Huaidong Borrows a Piece of Silk, depicted an unfair transaction between a peasant family and a monk where they paid an interest of high value while still having to return the silk cloth within a fixed period of time. If they were unable to return the piece of silk cloth, they would be charged a high monthly interest, while an untitled Song poem mentioned a plan to sell raw silk at the Western Gate. These sustained the idea that unlike Tang period, peasants were no longer required to make silk cloth from raw silk because instead of trading the silk cloth for something that they needed, they were able to sell raw silk for cash. These examples suggested how the innovation of cash might help reduce the incidence of unfair trade because the monetary system would most probably lead to a standardization, which was an improvement seen during Song period. Family ties take away much trouble off families by providing support and helping hands. This was what peasants needed most as family can be a form of social support especially during the hard times when produce was difficult to come by. As peasants depended largely on agriculture to support themselves, they had to put in a lot of effort in producing grains and silk. Therefore, they need the help of family members to lighten their burden. The poem Watching the Wheat-Reapers claimed that as chores doubled up, works were divided among the family members and this ensured efficiency. Often times when waiting for the fields to ripen, the peasant families would camp by the field and look after the field. During this time, peasant families could really use some help from each other. Lament of the Farm Wife of Wu is one poem that showed the cooperation between the husband and wife in lightening their farming tasks. Family members were also bounded to a transaction deal, as shown in a legal do cument. All these come to show the importance of family ties among the peasants in helping each other during desperate times. The set of Tang poems written via observations can serve as examples to demonstrate the accuracy of referring to Tang dynasty as the Golden Age for China. The foremost evidence extracted from the poem, The Old Man of Xinfeng with the Broken Arm maintained the absence of war or strife for a period of time as an indication of peace. It was also during this time, music and poetry flourished. It illustrated the increasing appreciation for music and poetry where people were able to enjoy singing and dancing. This would most likely also point toward the idea that education was more achievable, enabling composition of music and poetry. Another reason could perhaps be the fact that Tang dynasty was a large empire, conquering a lot of places. The same poem supported this assumption, where a lot of names of the areas Tang dynasty was able to exert their influence were brought up. Tang Empire was also shown to be wealthy due to the suggestion in Watching the Wheat-Reapers that governmental offi cials had surpluses of grains to eat. Furthermore, the legal documents cited, was from the caravan city of Dunhuang, which at that time was a prominent rest stop for traveling via the Silk Road. These suggested the frequent use of Silk Road during Tang period which would equate to a more outstanding trade system. Also, the existence of a Buddhist monk Li sustained the proposal that Buddhism was practiced a lot more compared to other dynasties before Tang, though Confucianism was probably still playing a major role. The significance of Buddhism can probably be seen with the higher status of the monk from the legal document, Fan Huaidong Borrows a Piece of Silk. The monk was exemplified to own more possessions compared to peasants. The monk was also able to lend goods to others, charging them an unfairly high value of interest, which also implied the higher status of monks during Tang dynasty. For these reasons, Tang dynasty can therefore be concluded as the Golden Age of China. To sum up, the lives of peasants in rural China were difficult, yet they managed to find ways to survive through all hardships, and contributing to the success of the empires.

double standards and church and state :: essays research papers

Double standards are when there are a set of rules for one set of people and another set of rules for another set of people. How dose this pretain to the seperation of church and state do you ask? Relgion in school is my answer. We as students are not supposed to preach our religion in school. But along with that there is also a section within each of our text books that is all about religion. Teachers tell us that those are only classics and we have no reason to complain. Then they expect and incourage us to discuss about the a religiose storys within our text books. This act makes many students religios or not uncomfortable. I know this because I have asked several students how they felt about the issue. One student had told me how he had to go through a discussion an atheist student had brought up about his thoughts and beleifs on religion. This made the student i asked very uncomfortable and angery at the fact that the atheist student was preaching , as my friend felt, against my friends religion to his class. This act of discussing, as the teachers put it, made this sertain student very angery at the fact that the teacher can sit there and let the student preach against someones beliefs. Knowing that many people, not only the student I spoke to, believed in what the atheist was aposeing. So my friend was not the only one angery at that discussion and not showing it, but many were. This issue of discussion also gose other ways. For example, say a Jewish student was assigned ,along with the rest of the class, a religious short story on a Christian belief. When he returns to the school and the teacher starts a discussion on the story. The teacher explains the back ground of the religion and gets into great detail . To this Jewish student this sound alot like preching the Chrisian beliefs to the class. There could also be a different student in the class that had the same problem and he or she just happens to be a Buddist, Muslim, Mormand, ect. This explaining of the Christian religion could sound like preching to anyone with a different religous back ground. Anyone that can make a student quit reciteing the Pledge of Allegiance every day just because of the statement, "One nation under God".